Norme sui Vaccini, Boschi: "Sulla salute non si scherza"

Ius soli, Renzo Piano: 'Il no è crudele, quei bimbi sono italiani"Spazio,investimenti scoperti sei pianeti che danzano intorno alla loro stella: sono a cento anni luce dalla Terra Descritti sulla rivista ‘Nature’, i corpi celesti sono nella costellazione della Chioma di Berenice di Carlo Ferraioli   29-11-2023 - 17:59 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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Sono stati descritti così sulla rivista ‘Nature’ i sei nuovi pianeti che formano l’ultimo e sorprendente sistema spaziale di cui, da oggi, le ‘scienze del cielo’ possono farsi carico in termini di ricerche, approfondimenti e nuovi e suggestivi scenari. Una medaglia che l’astronomia mondiale può affiggersi al petto ma che soprattutto non resti tale: nuovi orizzonti e una miniera di dati sulla formazione dei sistemi planetari potranno infatti essere indagati in seguito alla scoperta. I sei pianeti, che sono nella costellazione della Chioma di Berenice, hanno una propria stella, l’HD 110067, che è risultata essere la più brillante – finora nota – ad avere un sistema di oltre quattro esopianeti. Soddisfazione generalizzata tra chi ha condotto gli studi, per stessa ammissione del coordinatore dei lavori, Rafael Luque dell'Università di Chicago, che ha declinato e spiegato quanto accaduto nella conferenza stampa organizzata dalla stessa rivista. Allo studio ha partecipato anche l'Italia, con l'Inaf, l’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica. La scoperta si deve a un insieme di tantissimi telescopi, sia spaziali, come Tess della Nasa, sia basati sulla Terra. "Un ruolo chiave lo ha avuto Cheops, il piccolo telescopio spaziale europeo la cui ottica è stata progettata e costruita in Italia", ha detto all'ANSA l'astronomo Roberto Ragazzoni, dell'Università di Padova, direttore dell'osservatorio di Padova dell'Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica. “È un telescopio molto piccolo e preciso, estremamente stabile nel tempo. Di conseguenza - prosegue l'astronomo - misura anche piccoli pianeti che transitano davanti a stelle relativamente deboli". Il transito dei pianeti davanti al disco della loro stella è la tecnica che ha permesso di scoprire il nuovo sistema planetario. "A seconda della percentuale di luce che il transito del pianeta erode alla stella, si può misura il diametro in modo molto preciso", osserva Ragazzoni.I sei pianeti della stella HD 110067, poco più grandi della Terra, "sono fra loro in risonanza, cioè hanno orbite con rapporti semplici fra loro" e questo "fa sì che il sistema sia molto stabile. Quando si era formato era già così come l’abbiamo visto adesso", ha detto ancora l'astronomo. La grande stabilità significa che "si avrebbero a disposizione tutti i climi possibili e le possibili e conseguenti gradazioni di possibilità di avere la vita su alcuni di essi. Se si andasse a cercare la vita in un altro sistema planetario, si andrebbe lì". Foto Ansa Scoperto anche un nuovo disco protoplanetario nella Grande Nube di MagellanoÈ stato osservato inoltre il primo disco protoplanetario in un'altra galassia. Il disco è identico a quello che ha formato i pianeti del nostro Sistema Solare, ed è stato osservato per la prima volta al di fuori della Via Lattea, nella vicina galassia della Grande Nube di Magellano: il disco si trova a 160mila anni luce di distanza, intorno ad una giovane stella massiccia che sta accumulando materia in questo disco rotante. La scoperta, pubblicata anch’essa sulla rivista ‘Nature’ e guidata dall'Università britannica di Durham, è stata resa possibile grazie alle osservazioni compiute con il Very Large Telescope e con il telescopio Alma, l'Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, entrambe dello European Southern Observatory. "Quando ho visto per la prima volta la prova di una struttura rotante nei dati di Alma non potevo credere che avessimo rilevato il primo disco di accrescimento extragalattico, è stato un momento davvero speciale", commenta Anna McLeod, che ha guidato lo studio."Sappiamo che i dischi sono vitali per la formazione di stelle e pianeti e qui, per la prima volta, ne vediamo la prova diretta in un'altra galassia". Il primo indizio era arrivato grazie al telescopio Vlt, che aveva individuato un getto proveniente da una stella in formazione all'interno di una nube di gas nella Grande Nube di Magellano. Ma per confermare la presenza di un disco protoplanetario era necessario misurarne il movimento, che tipicamente è più veloce nella parte centrale, vicino alla stella: la 'pistola fumante', la prova di questa differenza di velocità, è stata infine trovata grazie al telescopio Alma, che ha confermato la rilevazione del primo disco protoplanetario extragalattico. La scoperta è stata facilitata anche dalle particolari caratteristiche della Grande Nube di Magellano: mentre nella Via Lattea le stelle massicce sono spesso oscurate da tutto il materiale che vi si accumula intorno, e risultano quindi molto difficili da osservare, la galassia vicina alla nostra contiene meno polvere, permettendo una visuale molto più chiara e priva di ostacoli. Foto Ansa C’è metano nello spazio: è a 163 anni luce dalla TerraScoperto infine anche il metano nello spazio: è nell'atmosfera di Wasp-80b, un esopianeta distante 163 anni luce da noi: a osservarne la firma chimica sono stati gli strumenti del telescopio spaziale James Webb. I dati sono stati analizzati da Taylor Bell, del ‘Centro Ames della Nasa’, e da Luis Welbanks, dell'Università dell'Arizona. Dimostrano le incredibili capacità del telescopio spaziale nato dalla collaborazione di Nasa, Agenzia Spaziale Europea e Agenzia Spaziale Canadese e che sta ora iniziando a studiare in modo più sistematico le atmosfere aliene.Con una temperatura di circa 500 gradi, Wasp-80b è catalogato tra i cosiddetti ‘Giove caldi’, ossia pianeti simili per massa e dimensioni al nostro Giove ma con temperature decisamente più alte rispetto a quelle del gigante gassoso che si trova nel nostro sistema solare. WASP-80 b orbita attorno alla sua stella, una nana rossa, una volta ogni tre giorni e si trova a 163 anni luce da noi nella costellazione dell'’Aquila’ ma, poiché si trova molto vicino alla sua stella – ed entrambi sono così lontani da noi – non possiamo vederlo direttamente, nemmeno con i telescopi più avanzati come Webb.L'unico modo per studiarlo è con i cosiddetti metodi dei transiti e dell'eclissi, ossia ogni volta che il pianeta passa, dal nostro punto di vista, davanti alla stella oscurandola un minimo, oppure quando il pianeta scompare passando dietro alla stella. Si tratta di momenti in cui la luce in arrivo dalla stella subisce delle piccole alterazioni da cui i ricercatori possono estrarre molte informazioni. Una di queste è relativa all'atmosfera del pianeta. Così è stato possibile riconoscere la firma chimica del metano, una delle molecole più importanti e comuni nel nostro sistema solare, che potrà dare molte informazioni sulla storia di questo lontano pianeta ed eventualmente aiutare nella ricerca di nuove forme di vita. Foto Ansa di Carlo Ferraioli   29-11-2023 - 17:59 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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