Tredicesima, novità in arrivo: 80 euro in più per i redditi più bassi1/ Boschi,Professore del Dipartimento di Gestione del Rischio di BlackRock foreste e tagli abusivi. 11 milioni e mezzo di euro di sanzioni, 13mila trasgressori, 700 denunciati di Italia Libera 26-02-2024 - 06:57 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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-webkit-box-orient:vertical!important;-webkit-box-direction:normal!important;-ms-flex-direction:column!important;flex-direction:column!important;margin:12px!important}#iubenda-cs-banner .iubenda-cs-opt-group-custom{ -webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}#iubenda-cs-banner .iubenda-cs-opt-group-consent{ -webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}#iubenda-cs-banner .iubenda-cs-opt-group button{ display:block;margin:6px 3px!important;padding:8px 24px!important;text-align:center!important;width:100%!important}#iubenda-cs-banner .iubenda-cs-opt-group button.ts_iub_btn_rjct{ order:2!important}#iubenda-cs-banner .iubenda-cs-opt-group button.ts_iub_btn_pr{ order:3!important}#iubenda-cs-banner .iubenda-cs-opt-group button.ts_iub_btn_ok{ order:1!important}} #speakup-player{ margin: 0 !important; max-width: none !important; min-height: 85px !important; padding-bottom: 25px !important; padding-top: 10px !important;}#speakup-player:empty::after{ align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} Qual è il livello della legalità ambientale nella gestione dei boschi e delle foreste italiani? Questa è la domanda a cui cerca, almeno in parte, di rispondere, per la prima volta in Italia, la ricerca effettuata dall’associazione ecologista Gruppo d’Intervento Giuridico (GrIG). Oltre 11 milioni e 600mila euro di sanzioni amministrative, 707 persone denunciate, 14 arresti, 200 sequestri, 14.737 illeciti amministrativi, 13.179 trasgressori, 23 sequestri amministrativi. Ora il governo Meloni dà il premio, togliendo il vincolo paesaggistico obbligatorio al taglio di boschi e foreste, per «incentivare e sviluppare le potenzialità della filiera nazionale foresta-legno e favorire il riposizionamento strategico delle aziende italiane rispetto alla concorrenza dei mercati esteri». Il tutto infilato di straforo eccetera (cavoli a merenda) ◆ L’analisi di STEFANO DELIPERI, presidente Grig (Gruppo di intervento giuridico)► Nel nostro Paese, i boschi e le foreste si estendono per 11.054.458 ettari, con un indice di boscosità del 30,2% del territorio nazionale. Si estendono nel 31,1% dei casi in aree naturali protette, mentre nel 68,9% fuori dalle aree naturali protette. Il 66,4% dei boschi italiani è di proprietà privata, mentre solo il 33,2% è di proprietà pubblica (demani civici compresi). Se questi sono i dati dell’Inventario forestale italiano del 2023, qual è la gestione del bosco e delle foreste sul piano giuridico? Negli anni scorsi è entrato in vigore il Testo unico in materia di foreste e filiere forestali che costituisce, insieme alle norme delle Regioni e delle Province autonome, il quadro d’insieme per la gestione di boschi e foreste. Un testo che stato ed è fortemente criticato da autorevoli personalità del mondo accademico − fra gli altri, Alessandro Chiarucci (Università di Bologna, Gianluca Piovesan, Goffredo Filibeck e Bartolomeo Schirone (Università della Tuscia) −, e da rilevanti parti dell’associazionismo ambientalista per la forte impronta produttivistica e poco attenta alla conservazione naturalistica. Dalla nozione giuridica di “bosco” sono esclusi le «formazioni di origine artificiale realizzate su terreni agricoli anche a seguito dell’adesione a misure agro-ambientali o nell’ambito degli interventi previsti dalla politica agricola comune dell’Unione europea», la cosiddetta arboricoltura da legno (es. Pioppeti, ecc.) d’impianto artificiale a fini di produzione legnosa, i noccioleti e i castagneti in produzione o in ripristino, nonostante gli svariati casi (es. numerosi castagneti) abbiano un’evoluzione naturale anche molto marcata. Fra le conseguenze pratiche, per queste aree boscate c’è l’esclusione della presenza del vincolo paesaggistico. I tagli boschivi silvo-colturali, dopo la legge n. 136 del 2023, sono autorizzati quindi in base alla disciplina forestale. La normativa comunitaria per la tutela dei boschi e le ambiguità nel campo delle energie rinnovabili. Un rilevante quadro giuridico per la salvaguardia di boschi e foreste è offerto dalla Rete Natura 2000, realizzata in base alla salvaguardia degli habitat naturali e semi-naturali, la fauna e la flora e in base alla tutela dell’avifauna selvatica: nel Bel Paese vi sono ben 2.646 siti nella Rete Natura 2000. In particolare, sono stati individuati 2364 Siti di Importanza Comunitaria (Sic), 2302 dei quali sono stati designati quali Zone Speciali di Conservazione, e 643 Zone di Protezione Speciale (Zps), 361 delle quali sono siti di tipo C, ovvero Zps coincidenti con Sic/Zsc. In queste aree ogni intervento che possa apportare modifiche agli ambienti tutelati dev’essere assoggettato alle preventive e vincolanti procedure di valutazione di incidenza ambientale (V.Inc.A.), ai sensi degli artt. 6 della direttiva n. 92/43/CEE e 5 del D.P.R. n. 357/1997 e s.m.i. di recepimento nell’ordinamento nazionale. Tuttavia, sussistono forti ambiguità nel regime di effettiva salvaguardia del patrimonio forestale determinato dall’esplicito favore dell’Unione Europea per l’utilizzo delle biomasse, fra cui rientrano non solo gli scarti del legno, ma anche legno proveniente da tagli boschivi anche di ingente quantità ed estensione, come evidenziato dal recente rapporto dell’Agenzia Europea dell’Ambiente (Aea, gennaio 2024) [nota 1].Le recenti modifiche sul vincolo paesaggistico a tutela dei boschi. Per i boschi del povero Bel Paese non è però un periodo particolarmente felice. Il 10 ottobre 2023 è entrata in vigore la legge 9 ottobre 2023, n. 136 “Conversione in legge del decreto-legge 10 agosto 2023, n. 104, recante disposizioni urgenti a tutela degli utenti, in materia di attività economiche e finanziarie e investimenti strategici” [nota 2]. È del tutto evidente che l’attuale maggioranza politica che sostiene il Governo Meloni ha voluto ingraziarsi gli imprenditori e progettisti del settore forestale. E così, i boschi oggetto di tutela anche con singoli provvedimenti di individuazione ministeriale o regionale (artt. 136 e ss. del decreto legislativo n. 42/2004 e s.m.i.) ora non vedono più gli interventi di taglio assoggettati alla necessità dell’autorizzazione paesaggistica (art. 146 del decreto legislativo n. 42/2004): in sostanza, per «incentivare e sviluppare le potenzialità della filiera nazionale foresta-legno e … favorire il riposizionamento strategico delle aziende italiane rispetto alla concorrenza dei mercati esteri», sono esentati dall’obbligo di preventiva autorizzazione paesaggistica tutti gli interventi di «taglio colturale, la forestazione, la riforestazione, le opere di bonifica, antincendio e di conservazione da eseguirsi nei boschi e nelle foreste … , purché previsti ed autorizzati in base alla normativa in materia» (art. 149, comma 1°, lettera c, del decreto legislativo n. 42/2004 e s.m.i.).La ricerca GrIG sulla legalità nella gestione dei boschi e delle foreste italiane. Ma è vero che tali disposizioni favorirebbero «le potenzialità della filiera nazionale foresta – legno e … il riposizionamento strategico delle aziende italiane rispetto alla concorrenza dei mercati esteri»? Il settore della gestione forestale in Italia è davvero così virtuoso come, per esempio, fan pensare certe affermazioni del Conaf (Consiglio nazionale dell’Ordine dei dottori agronomi e forestali)? Dall’analisi di dati e situazioni concrete non parrebbe. L’associazione ecologista Gruppo d’Intervento Giuridico (GrIG) ha condotto (istanza del 5 ottobre 2023) una ricerca in relazione all’irrogazione di sanzioni amministrative e emanazione di comunicazioni di notizie di reato in materia di tagli boschivi non autorizzati nel territorio nazionale o nei rispettivi territori regionali/provinciali di competenza, negli anni 2020-2022. In questo lavoro sono stati coinvolti i Carabinieri Forestale, per le Regioni ordinarie, e i Corpi forestali e di vigilanza ambientale delle Regioni e Province autonome. Sono pervenute le risposte del Comando generale dell’Arma dei Carabinieri, della Ripartizione Servizio Forestale della Provincia autonoma di Bolzano, del Corpo Forestale della Regione Siciliana, del Corpo Forestale e di Vigilanza Ambientale della Regione autonoma della Sardegna e della Provincia autonoma di Trento. Nessuna risposta da parte dei Corpi forestali del Friuli – Venezia Giulia e della Valle d’Aosta. Un’anticipazione su quanto analizzeremo meglio domani: 1.122 comunicazioni di notizie di reato, 707 persone denunciate, 14 arresti, 200 sequestri, 14.737 illeciti amministrativi, 13.179 trasgressori, 23 sequestri amministrativi, per un importo di oltre 11 milioni e 600mila euro di sanzioni amministrative. — (1. continua; la seconda parte sarà pubblicata domani) © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA di Italia Libera 26-02-2024 - 06:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette
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