Notizie di Esteri in tempo reale - Pag. 788

Il piano vaccini di Germania, Francia e SpagnaGuerra di Gaza. 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} La guerra in Medio Oriente rischia di allargarsi ogni giorno di più in modo catastrofico. Non se ne può venire fuori con soluzioni durature ed eque senza risalire alle radici del conflitto che insanguina la Palestina. Serve una visione complessiva delle tensioni e delle circostanze che hanno contrassegnato l’intera area Mediorientale. A cominciare dall’occasione mancata del mandato britannico in Palestina, durato 28 anni dopo cinque secoli di controllo turco. Da Guido Regina a Noam Chomsky e Ilan Pappé, il mondo della cultura continua a riannodare i fili della storia e ad interrogarsi sul cambio di rotta necessario che non per tutti deve passare necessariamente dalla divisione rappresentata dallo slogan riassuntivo “due popoli due Stati” ◆ L’articolo di ANNALISA ADAMO AYMONE► La chiamavano “Linea Verde” evocando il colore della matita che fu utilizzata per disegnare sulla mappa la linea di separazione tra le forze a cui si era giunti nell’armistizio arabo-israeliano del 1949, firmato a Rodi da Israele e da ciascuno dei Paesi arabi confinanti: Egitto, Siria, Libano e Transgiordania. Questi accordi misero fine alla guerra arabo-israeliana e stabilirono le linee provvisorie d’armistizio che vennero rispettate fino alla guerra dei sei giorni del 1967. Ma cosa accadde prima di quell’armistizio? A questa domanda — prendendo le dovute distanze da molte criticabili scelte politiche di Israele — ha risposto di recente il professor Guido Regina, cofondatore e presidente della sezione di Bari “Alexander Wielsel” dell’Associazione Italia-Israele, che ha pubblicato per la collana Passato Prossimo di Mimesis un saggio storico dalle origini al conflitto israelo-palestinese. Se fare un resoconto storico è sempre difficile, perché bisogna trovare la misura per dar conto delle diverse posizioni fornendo pari dignità e valore alle identità e alle idee molto spesso contrastanti tra le parti, diventa più che mai complicato quando si tratta di due comunità nazionali da troppo tempo in lotta ed il cui conflitto si riaccende in una tragica escalation internazionale. E pensare che la necessità di uno Stato che restaurasse l’entità politica ebraica in Palestina era stata fortemente contrastata e tutt’oggi viene molto criticata dalla parte più ortodossa della stessa comunità ebraica essendo ritenuta in contraddizione con le sacre scritture. Durante la Giornata Europea della Cultura Ebraica, dedicata alla “Bellezza” il 6 settembre 2023 — molto tempo prima che scoppiasse la guerra — Guido Regina aveva anticipato che lo scopo della sua ricerca, che di lì a poco sarebbe stata mandata alle stampe, era di mettere in evidenza il retroterra storico della nascita dello Stato di Israele, raccontando così le speranze, le illusioni, i conflitti dei relativi nazionalismi, al netto di ogni tipo di semplificazione, senza escludere fatti e passaggi storici poco conosciuti ma di estrema importanza per una visione complessiva delle tensioni e delle circostanze che hanno contrassegnato l’intera area Mediorientale.  Tra questi fatti si può annoverare, sicuramente, l’occasione mancata del mandato britannico in Palestina, giustamente indicato come momento cruciale, sul quale si è però sempre poco dibattuto malgrado meritasse una riflessione più attenta non solo degli storici ma anche degli analisti politici. Purtroppo la costruzione ed il consolidamento del dialogo ai britannici non riuscì, disattendendo di fatto gli impegni che la Società delle Nazioni aveva loro affidato. Quando il 14 maggio del 1948 finì il mandato e venne proclamato lo Stato di Israele, gli inglesi — dopo circa 28 anni da quando il primo Alto Commissario Britannico aveva messo piede in Palestina — lasciavano il Paese con l’amara sensazione — scrive Guido Regina — che «tutto ciò che era stato fatto dalla Gran Bretagna per stabilire una National Home in Palestina era finito nell’ingratitudine, nel rancore e nella tragedia». Un segmento della storia portato ultimamente sui grandi schermi dal bellissimo film “Shoshana”, pensato e ripensato per circa 15 anni dal pluripremiato regista Michael Witterbotton, che ha trovato la soluzione alle numerose difficoltà di realizzazione dell’opera in Terra Santa girando le immagini proprio in Puglia tra Ostuni, Taranto e Brindisi. Ad ispirare Witterbotton è stato “One Palestine”, altro grande saggio scritto da Tom Segev proprio sulla presenza britannica che in Terra Santa sostituì 500 anni di controllo turco. Di fronte agli attuali effetti dei fallimentari tentativi della comunità internazionale di arrivare ad una definitiva soluzione della cosiddetta “questione palestinese”, il mondo della cultura continua a riannodare i fili della storia e ad interrogarsi sul cambio di rotta necessario che non per tutti deve passare necessariamente dalla divisione rappresentata dal riassuntivo slogan “due popoli due Stati”. I tempi sono maturi per superare le vecchie idee? Secondo Noam Chomsky e Ilan Pappé c’è bisogno di «un nuovo discorso che analizzi la realtà invece di ignorarla», perciò «se si vuole superare la paralisi concettuale impostaci dalla soluzione a due Stati, chiunque sia nelle condizioni di farlo, a qualsiasi livello, dovrebbe proporre una struttura politica, ideologica, costituzionale e socioeconomica che valga per tutti gli abitanti della Palestina, non solo dello Stato di Israele». © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA di Italia Libera   22-01-2024 - 06:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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