DDL Valditara approvato

Quanti anni ha Carlo Nordio e perché si sente giovane per la politicaMorti sul lavoro: dallo stillicidio quotidiano alle stragi periodiche. 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} Tre giorni prima della strage nel cantiere della Esselunga a Firenze la Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo ha condannato la Svizzera per non aver «ottemperato al suo obbligo di garantire la celerità della procedura davanti al Tribunale Federale» sulle gravi lesioni subìte da un lavoratore prescritte dalla lentezza del processo. In Italia la nostra Cassazione ha riconosciuto nel 2019 il diritto all’oblio anche nei reati più gravi, e la Procura nazionale sulla sicurezza del lavoro resta confinata nel libro dei sogni quando potrebbe rendere più incisivo l’esercizio dell’azione penale. Sui lavori in appalto e subappalto gli obblighi di sicurezza sono già previsti e penalmente sanzionati a carico sia dei committenti, sia degli appaltatori o subappaltatori, sia dei lavoratori autonomi. Mancano organici adeguati e preparazione professionale dei controlli per esercitare una vigilanza sistematica e incisiva sull’applicazione delle norme. E mezzi effettivi ai rappresentanti dei lavoratori per la sicurezza  ◆ L’analisi di RAFFAELE GUARINIELLO ► Dunque, gli appelli verbali (o canori) non bastano. È ormai chiaro anche alla luce della più recente casistica giurisprudenziale che, tra i molteplici problemi che ultimamente affliggono il mondo della sicurezza sul lavoro, drammatico si sta rivelando quello riguardante la tutela dei lavoratori delle imprese appaltatrici e subappaltatrici distaccati presso piccole e grandi aziende committenti. A maggior ragione appaiono, dunque, inaccettabili i fraintendimenti interpretativi e applicativi esplosi in materia. Non si pensi, anzitutto, che manchino le leggi. Il Testo unico della sicurezza su lavoro è quanto mai rigoroso con riguardo ai lavori affidati dal committente a imprese appaltatrici o subappaltatrici o a lavoratori autonomi, vuoi all’interno della propria azienda, vuoi nei cantieri temporanei o mobili. E si badi che gli obblighi di sicurezza sono previsti e penalmente sanzionati a carico sia dei committenti, sia degli appaltatori o subappaltatori, sia dei lavoratori autonomi.E allora perché? Perché gli obblighi ci sono, ma non vengono fatti rispettare sistematicamente. Certo, ci sono gli organi di vigilanza. Ma pesano le carenze sofferte dagli organici e dalla professionalità di questi organi. Né si obietti che i controlli non avrebbero una capacità preventiva diretta, nel senso che non è pensabile una vigilanza che arrivi il giorno prima dell’infortunio e lo scongiuri. Evidente è che occorre, non già una inimmaginabile vigilanza del giorno prima, bensì la vigilanza sistematica e incisiva in grado di spingere le imprese all’effettiva osservanza delle norme scritte sulla carta. Un obbiettivo, questo, che, peraltro, appare irraggiungibile in assenza di un efficace intervento dell’autorità giudiziaria. Troppo spesso i procedimenti penali non vengono condotti con l’indispensabile approfondimento o nei tempi necessari per scongiurare la prescrizione dei reati. Con il dirompente risultato che si diffonde tra le imprese, e tra gli stessi lavoratori, l’idea che le leggi ci sono, ma possono essere violate impunemente. Né possono porre rimedio le tante procure della repubblica istituite nel nostro Paese, ciascuna con una ristretta area di operatività, e per giunta raramente provviste di specializzazione in materia. Né assume rilievo l’obiezione mossa da taluno secondo cui l’azione del pubblico ministero sarebbe meramente repressiva, e mai preventiva. Un’obiezione palesemente contrastante con le molteplici esperienze giudiziarie che in passato si sono sviluppate sotto il segno di uno stretto connubio tra prevenzione e repressione congiuntamente volte a garantire l’osservanza delle norme antinfortunistiche penalmente sanzionate a prescindere dalla sussistenza di un delitto di omicidio o di lesione personale consistente in un infortunio o in una malattia professionale. Purtroppo, continua a rimanere scritta nel libro dei sogni la proposta di creare una procura nazionale sulla sicurezza del lavoro. Una proposta che nessuno dei governi che si sono succeduti in questi anni ha saputo realizzare. E aggiungo che quanto mai preziosa si è rivelata l’esperienza che ha condotto in alcuni Tribunali ad affidare i procedimenti in materia di sicurezza sul lavoro a Sezioni specializzate. E ancora. Non dimentichiamo di accompagnare lo stesso Rappresentante dei Lavoratori per la Sicurezza (Rls) nel mondo degli appalti e dei cantieri, a maggior ragione dopo la sua prima condanna per un infortunio mortale pronunciata dalla Cassazione il 25 settembre 2023. Certo, si tratta di una dimensione imbarazzante, e – temo – usualmente trascurata, dell’impegno affidato all’Rls. Eppure, tra le sue attribuzione, il Tusl (Testo unico della sicurezza sul lavoro), all’art. 50, comma 1, lettera a), indica quella di visitare i luoghi di lavoro, e per luoghi di lavoro s’intendono non solo i locali aziendali, ma – insegna pacificamente la Cassazione – «ogni luogo nel quale il lavoratore deve o può recarsi per provvedere ad incombenze di qualsiasi natura in relazione alla propria attività», e, dunque, anche ogni luogo in cui si svolga un appalto o un subappalto o un cantiere. Sicché più che mai chiedo alle organizzazioni sindacali (ma anche al legislatore): su quali risorse di tempo, di mezzi, di autonomia, può concretamente contare l’Rls chiamato a svolgere compiti tanto impegnativi?È tutto dire, a questo punto, che abbiamo dovuto salutare con parole di speranza la pronuncia emessa il 13 febbraio 2024 dalla Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo nell’affaire Jann-Zwicker et Jann contro Suisse su un caso avvenuto in Svizzera di morte per mesotelioma pleurico caduto in prescrizione. Né il procedimento penale avviato nel 2006 dallo stesso interessato per lesione personale grave (ma non coltivato dai tribunali svizzeri), né il procedimento civile avviato dai prossimi congiunti nel 2009 dopo il decesso, hanno consentito agli istanti di ottenere un risultato favorevole. Conclusione unanime della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo: «la prescrizione dell’azione promossa dalla vittima ha comportato una violazione della Convenzione europea dei diritti dell’uomo»: dell’art. 6 § 1 (diritto a un processo equo) e dell’art. 6 § 1 (quanto alla durata della procedura davanti alle giurisdizioni nazionali). Dunque, una violazione dovuta al fatto che «lo Stato non ha ottemperato al suo obbligo di garantire la celerità della procedura davanti al Tribunale Federale». Con la conseguenza che la Svizzera deve versare agli istanti 20.800 euro per danno morale e 14.000 per costi e spese. Altro che quel “diritto all’oblio” esaltato dalla Cassazione in una sentenza del 28 marzo 2019 n. 13582: «trascorso un certo lasso di tempo dalla commissione del fatto, stante l’attenuarsi delle esigenze di punizione, matura un diritto all’oblio in capo all’autore del reato» © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA di Italia Libera   19-02-2024 - 06:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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