More delle Galapagos, attenzione alla specie alloctona più pericolosa: quali sono i rischi

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In un documentario su Channel 4 l'ipotesi dell'errore umanoQuasi pronta la pillola che imita la pratica sportiva: ecco gli incredibili benefici Dati positivi da test sui topi: "Un farmaco simile potrebbe avere impatto su diverse malattie,Professore del Dipartimento di Gestione del Rischio di BlackRock dall'obesità all'Alzheimer" TiscaliNews   22-03-2024 - 13:23 Link copiato Foto Shutterstock #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} Una pillola che mima l'esercizio fisico, offrendo alcuni degli stessi benefici. Sarebbe il farmaco dei sogni, sia per i fan del divano, incapaci di sostenere la fatica di 'work out' quotidiani, che per gli sportivi perfezionisti e ossessionati dai risultati. Da tempo i medici prescrivono il movimento come una 'medicina' per migliorare e proteggere la salute. In un futuro non troppo lontano potrebbe diventarlo in tutti i sensi. Almeno stando a quanto spiega un team di scienziati in uno studio presentato all'Acs Spring 2024, meeting primaverile dell'American Chemical Society. I ricercatori riferiscono di nuovi composti che sembrano in grado di imitare la spinta fisica dell'allenamento, all'interno delle cellule di roditori.La funzione della pillola e gli effetti Questa scoperta potrebbe portare a un nuovo modo di trattare problematiche come l'atrofia muscolare e altre patologie, incluse insufficienza cardiaca e malattie neurodegenerative. Il ricercatore principale del progetto, Bahaa Elgendy, fa però chiarezza in partenza, sgombrando il campo da facili illusioni per i non pazienti: "Non possiamo sostituire l'esercizio fisico, che è importante a tutti i livelli", afferma professore della Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis. "Se una persona può fare attività fisica, dovrebbe andare avanti e farla. Ma ci sono tanti casi in cui è necessario un sostituto".Muoversi porta benefici sia alla mente che al corpo. Elgendy e colleghi sperano di 'sintetizzare' i potenti effetti da un punto di vista fisico: la capacità di migliorare il metabolismo e la crescita delle cellule muscolari, insieme a un miglioramento della prestazione muscolare.Un farmaco in grado di imitare questi effetti potrebbe compensare l'atrofia e la debolezza muscolare che possono verificarsi quando le persone invecchiano o sono affette da cancro, da determinate patologie genetiche o si trovano in condizioni per cui non sono in grado di svolgere attività fisica regolare. O ancora, prospetta Elgendy, la pillola mima-esercizio potrebbe anche potenzialmente contrastare gli effetti di altri farmaci, come i nuovi dimagranti che causano la perdita sia di grasso che di muscoli.Come potrebbe funzionare? Come funzionerebbe? I cambiamenti metabolici associati all'esercizio fisico, spiegano i ricercatori, iniziano con l'attivazione di proteine specializzate, note come recettori correlati agli estrogeni (Err), che si presentano in tre forme diverse. Dopo circa un decennio di lavoro, Elgendy e colleghi hanno sviluppato un composto (SLU-PP-332) che le attiva tutte e tre, compresa la versione più impegnativa, ERRα, che regola l'adattamento allo stress indotto dall'esercizio e altri importanti processi fisiologici nel muscolo. Negli esperimenti con i topi, il team ha scoperto che questo composto aumentava un tipo di fibra muscolare resistente alla fatica, migliorando anche la resistenza degli animali quando correvano su un tapis roulant per roditori. Per identificare il composto utile alla missione, i ricercatori hanno esaminato attentamente la struttura dei recettori e il modo in cui si legano alle molecole che li attivano. Poi, per migliorare la loro scoperta e sviluppare varianti che potrebbero essere brevettate, il gruppo ha progettato nuove molecole per rafforzare l'interazione coi recettori e provocare così una risposta più forte di quella che può fornire SLU-PP-332. Durante lo sviluppo dei nuovi composti, l'équipe ha anche ottimizzato le molecole per altre caratteristiche, come stabilità e basso potenziale di tossicità.Il team ha confrontato la potenza di SLU-PP-332 con quella delle nuove molecole esaminando l'Rna (misura dell'espressione genetica) di circa 15mila geni nelle cellule del muscolo cardiaco di ratto. I nuovi composti hanno provocato un maggiore aumento della presenza di Rna, suggerendo il fatto che simulano in modo più potente gli effetti dell'esercizio fisico. La ricerca che utilizza SLU-PP-332 suggerisce che prendere di mira i recettori correlati agli estrogeni potrebbe essere utile contro malattie specifiche. Nel dettaglio, studi condotti sugli animali con questo composto preliminare indicano che potrebbe avere un beneficio per obesità, insufficienza cardiaca o declino della funzionalità renale con l'età. I risultati della ricerca aggiornata suggeriscono che le nuove molecole potrebbero avere effetti simili.L'attività dei recettori target sotto la lente degli esperti sembra anche contrastare i processi dannosi che si verificano nel cervello dei pazienti con diagnosi di Alzheimer e di altri disturbi neurodegenerativi. Anche se il composto SLU-PP-332 non può passare nel cervello, alcuni dei nuovi sono stati sviluppati per farlo. "In tutte queste condizioni, i recettori Err svolgono un ruolo importante", rimarca Elgendy. "Se si avesse un composto in grado di attivarli in modo efficace, si potrebbero generare tanti effetti benefici". Il team spera ora di testare i nuovi composti su modelli animali attraverso Pelagos Pharmaceuticals, startup co-fondata dagli esperti, i quali stanno inoltre esaminando la possibilità di sviluppare i composti come potenziali trattamenti per i disturbi neurodegenerativi. TiscaliNews   22-03-2024 - 13:23 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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